Assoziation zwischen Polypharmazie und Einleitung einer Anti-Demenz-Therapie in deutschen Hausarztpraxen
Dr. med. Jens Bohlken / Prof. Dr. rer. med. habil. Karel MA Kostev
Die Demenz ist eine chronische Erkrankung, die zwischen 5 % und 7 % der Menschen im Alter ab 60 Jahren betrifft [1]. Die Zahl der Demenzkranken soll bis 2030 auf 66 Millionen und bis 2050 auf 115 Millionen weltweit ansteigen. In Deutschland ist die Prävalenz mit über einer Million Demenzkranken sehr hoch [2]. Da die Demenz mit schlechter Lebensqualität [3] sowie psychiatrischen Erkrankungen (z. B. Depression und Angstzuständen) [4,5] assoziiert ist, besteht Bedarf an besseren Präventions-, Diagnose-, Behandlungs- und Managementmaßnahmen im Hinblick auf diese neurodegenerative Erkrankung.
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Erstveröffentlichungsdatum: 04.06.2018
Abstrakt: Assoziation zwischen Polypharmazie und Einleitung einer Anti-Demenz-Therapie in deutschen Hausarztpraxen
Ziel dieser retrospektiven Studie war es, den möglichen Einfluss der Polypharmazie auf die Einleitung einer Anti-Demenz-Therapie bei Patienten mit Demenz in Hausarztpraxen in Deutschland zu untersuchen. Die vorliegende retrospektive Studie basiert auf der bundesweiten Disease Analyzer-Datenbank (IQVIA). Die aktuelle Studie umfasste Patienten in 1.217 Hausarztpraxen in Deutschland, die zwischen 2014 und 2016 (Indexdatum) erstmals eine erhielten. Das Primäroutcome war die Verordnungsrate von Antidemenzmitteln innerhalb eines Jahres nach dem Indexdatum. Die Studie umfasste 21.888 Patienten. Das Durchschnittsalter betrug 80,2 Jahre und 61,4 % der Studienpopulation waren Frauen. Personen, die zu Studienbeginn sechs oder mehr Arzneimittel erhielten, wiesen eine geringere Wahrscheinlichkeit auf, eine Antidemenzbehandlung zu erhalten, als diejenigen, die zu Studienbeginn keine Arzneimittel erhielten (6-9 Arzneimittel: OR=0,75; ≥10 Arzneimittel: OR=0,58). Darüber hinaus hatten Patienten ab 90 Jahren (OR=0,53), Frauen (OR=0,91) und Teilnehmer mit vaskulärer Demenz (OR=0,70) eine geringere Chance, eine Verordnung für Antidemenzmittel zu erhalten. Personen mit Alzheimer-Krankheit wurde eher eine Antidemenzbehandlung verordnet als Personen mit nicht näher bezeichneter Demenz (OR=3,08). Insgesamt gab es in deutschen Hausarztpraxen eine negative Assoziation zwischen Polypharmazie und Einleitung einer Anti-Demenz-Therapie. Weitere Forschungsarbeiten sind erforderlich, um die Verordnungsmuster von Hausärzten und Spezialisten bei neu diagnostizierten Demenzkranken besser zu verstehen.
Abstract: The association between polypharmacy and the initiation of anti-dementia therapy in Germany
The goal of the present retrospective study was to focus on the potential influence of polypharmacy on the initiation of antidementia therapy in patients diagnosed with dementia in general practices in Germany. The current study sample included patients diagnosed with dementia in 1,217 general practices in Germany between 2014 and 2016 (index date). The primary outcome measure was the rate of prescription of anti-dementia drugs within one year following the index date. The explanatory variable was the number of different drugs prescribed at baseline per patient. Independent variables included age, sex, and type of dementia. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to study the impact of the number of different drugs prescribed at baseline per participant on the odds of receiving anti-dementia therapy (in all patients and in patients diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease). The study included 21,888 patients with all-cause-dementia. Mean age was 80.2 years (SD=7.3 years) and 61.4% of the study population were women. Individuals receiving six drugs or more at baseline were significantly less likely to be prescribed anti-dementia treatment when compared to those without any drug at baseline (6-9 drugs: odds ratio [OR]=0.75; ≥10 drugs: OR=0.58). In the subgroup of patients with Alzheimer’s disease, the odds of being prescribed anti-dementia therapy were lower in individuals with four drugs or more, compared to patients who had not been prescribed any drugs at baseline (4-5 drugs: OR=0.60; 6-9 drugs: OR=0.49; ≥10 drugs: OR=0.36). There is a negative association between polypharmacy and antidementia therapy initiation in general practices in Germany.
Literatur
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