Gesundheitskompetenz in vulnerablen Bevölkerungsgruppen
Prof. Dr. phil. Doris Schaeffer / Dr. PH Dominique Vogt / Svea Gille PH / Dr. PH Eva-Maria Berens
Nutzerinnen und Nutzer sind im Gesundheitssystem zunehmend gefordert, Gesundheitsinformationen finden, verstehen, beurteilen und auf die eigene Situation übertragen zu können, um Entscheidungen beispielswiese zur Therapie und Versorgung von Krankheiten oder Wiedererlangung und Erhaltung von Gesundheit zu treffen. Das Wissen, die Motivation und die Fähigkeiten zum Umgang mit gesundheitsbezogenen Informationen werden in Fachkreisen Gesundheitskompetenz genannt (Sørensen et al. 2012). Gesundheitskompetenz ist dabei das Zusammenspiel persönlicher Fähigkeiten und den Anforderungen und der Komplexität von Situationen und Systemen, in denen sich Menschen bewegen (Schaeffer et al. 2018). Doch oftmals sehen sich die Menschen vor Schwierigkeiten im Umgang mit Gesundheitsinformationen gestellt.
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Erstveröffentlichungsdatum: 04.06.2018
Abstrakt: Gesundheitskompetenz in vulnerablen Bevölkerungsgruppen
Nutzerinnen und Nutzer des Gesundheits- und Versorgungssystems sind zunehmend auf Gesundheitskompetenz angewiesen, um beispielsweise Entscheidungen zur Bewältigung von Krankheiten oder zum Erhalt der Gesundheit treffen zu können. Bestimmte Bevölkerungsgruppen sehen sich jedoch vor besondere Herausforderungen im Umgang mit Gesundheitsinformationen gestellt, dazu zählen Menschen mit chronischen Krankheiten und/oder Behinderungen, ältere Menschen, Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund und Menschen mit niedrigem Bildungsniveau. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Bedeutung von Gesundheitskompetenz für diese vulnerablen Bevölkerungsgruppen herausgestellt, die besonderen Herausforderungen für sie skizziert und auf wichtige Anknüpfungspunkte für die Versorgungsforschung hingewiesen. Es wird deutlich, dass hier in Deutschland noch weitreichende Forschungslücken bestehen. Eine Empfehlung des Nationalen Aktionsplans ist daher, die Forschung zur Gesundheitskompetenz insbesondere bei vulnerablen Bevölkerungsgruppen zu intensivieren.
Abstract: Health literacy among vulnerable population groups
Users of the health care system are increasingly dependent on health literacy, for example, to make decisions to manage diseases or to maintain health. However, specific population groups face particular challenges in dealing with health information. These vulnerable groups include people with chronic illnesses and / or disabilities, older people, people with migrant background, and people with a low educational level. In this article, the importance of health literacy for these vulnerable population groups is highlighted, the specific challenges for them are outlined, and important aspects for health services research are highlighted. It becomes apparent that there are still far-reaching research gaps in Germany. A recommendation of the National Action Plan is therefore to intensify research on health literacy, especially among vulnerable population groups.
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